In 2018, the UAE’s Federal Tax Authority (FTA) issued a series of important administrative decisions to clarify and operationalise the UAE VAT framework introduced under Federal Decree-Law No. (8) of 2017 on Value Added Tax and read together with Cabinet Decision No. 52 of 2017 (Executive Regulations).

These FTA Decisions significantly impacted retailers, hospitality businesses, airport operators, vending machine suppliers, and all VAT-registered businesses in the UAE.

This detailed guide from German Fintax Consultancy explains:

• FTA Decision No. 1 of 2018
• FTA Decision No. 2 of 2018
• FTA Decision No. 4 of 2018
• Practical compliance implications
• How UAE businesses can avoid VAT penalties

Federal Tax Authority Decision No. 1 of 2018

Issued: 29 August 2018
Effective: From the date of issuance

Overview

This decision outlines the requirements for retailers wishing to participate in the UAE VAT Refunds for Tourists Scheme (TRS).

The TRS allows eligible tourists to reclaim VAT paid on purchases made in the UAE. However, not all retailers automatically qualify but participation requires compliance with specific FTA conditions and electronic linkage with the FTA-appointed authorised operator (currently Planet).

Key Provisions

Retailer Eligibility Requirements

Retailers must:

• Be VAT-registered with the FTA
• Maintain strong compliance history
• Have no serious tax violations
• Register with the authorised TRS operator
• Meet technical integration requirements
• Establish electronic linkage with the authorised operator’s system

Operational Obligations

Participating retailers must:

• Issue compliant tax invoices in accordance with Article 59 of the Executive Regulations
• Capture tourist purchases details electronically
• Follow TRS submission procedures
• Retain required VAT documentation

TRS applies only to goods (not services).
A minimum purchase value of AED 250 (including VAT) per tax invoice is required.

Compliance Monitoring

The FTA reserves the right to:

• Suspend or cancel participation
• Conduct audits
• Review system integrations

Business Impact

For UAE retailers in malls, airports, luxury boutiques, electronics, and hospitality sectors:

• POS systems must be TRS-compatible
• Staff must be trained on VAT refund processes
• Invoice accuracy becomes critical
• Recordkeeping standards must be strengthened

Goods must be exported within 90 days from the date of supply and must be available for inspection at the departure point.

Failure to comply may result in penalties or removal from the scheme.

Federal Tax Authority Decision No. 2 of 2018

Issued: November 2018
Effective: 6 November 2018 (staged rollout across UAE ports)

Overview

This decision operationalised the VAT Refunds for Tourists Scheme, clarifying refund mechanisms, verification procedures, and the responsibilities of retailers and exit-point operators.

It marked the official launch of VAT refunds for tourists in the UAE.

Key Highlights

Tourist Eligibility

A tourist is defined as:
• A non-resident in the UAE
• Not a UAE resident
• Not a crew member on a departing flight

Eligible Supplies

Refunds apply to:

• Goods purchased by tourists
• Items exported out of the UAE
• Purchases meeting minimum value thresholds

Services are generally excluded.

Refund is not available for:
• Consumed goods (fully or partially used)
• Motor vehicles, boats, or aircraft
• Goods not presented at departure for validation

Refund Processing

Refund claims must be:

• Verified electronically
• Processed through authorised refund counters
• Validated at departure ports

Major airports such as Dubai, Abu Dhabi, and Sharjah were among the first operational locations.

Refunds are paid net of the authorised operator’s service fee, and retailers must not represent that the tourist will receive a full VAT refund.
Refunds may be issued in cash (subject to caps), by card, or digitally, depending on the operator’s procedures.

System & Documentation Requirements

Retailers must:

• Integrate with TRS operator systems
• Ensure invoice compliance
• Maintain transaction logs

Why This Matters for UAE Businesses

The TRS enhances the UAE’s competitiveness as a global shopping destination.

However, it also introduces:

• Greater digital compliance expectations
• Increased audit exposure
• Strict documentation standards

Businesses in retail, tourism, and airport operations must ensure their VAT framework aligns with FTA technical requirements.

Federal Tax Authority Decision No. 4 of 2018

Issued: 17 December 2018
Effective: 1 January 2018 (retroactive application)

Overview

This decision clarifies VAT tax invoice requirements, particularly in special supply scenarios such as vending machines.

It is one of the most practically relevant FTA Decisions for UAE businesses.

Key Clarifications

Mandatory Tax Invoice Elements

All VAT tax invoices must include:

• Supplier name, address, TRN
• Unique invoice number
• Invoice date
• Description of goods/services
• VAT amount
• Total consideration

Failure to include mandatory elements may lead to VAT penalties and may result in input VAT recovery being disallowed for the recipient.

For supplies not exceeding AED 10,000, a simplified tax invoice may be issued in accordance with the Executive Regulations.

Vending Machine Supplies

Where goods are supplied exclusively through vending machines:

• There is no requirement to issue a printed tax invoice at the time of sale where it is not practical to do so
• Businesses must still account for VAT correctly
• Centralised sales records must be maintained

Businesses must maintain daily summary reports (e.g., Z-reports or equivalent), reconcile collections with output VAT, and retain audit-ready records.

This decision provided practical relief while reinforcing recordkeeping obligations.

Practical Compliance Risks for UAE Businesses

FTA Decisions in 2018 reinforced a critical principle:

Administrative compliance is just as important as VAT calculation.

Common risk areas include:

• Non-compliant tax invoices
• Missing TRS integration
• Poor electronic recordkeeping
• Incorrect VAT reporting for automated sales
• Failure to maintain audit-ready documentation
• Failure to meet the AED 250 TRS threshold
• Failure to export goods within 90 days
• Using non-TRS invoices for tourist refund claims
• Promising full VAT refund to tourists
• Lack of daily vending machine reconciliation records

Penalties for VAT non-compliance in the UAE can be substantial and recurring.

Why FTA Decisions 2018 Still Matter Today

Although issued in 2018, these decisions continue to govern:

• Retail VAT compliance
• Tourist VAT refunds
• Tax invoice standards
• Automated and vending sales reporting

As UAE tax regulations evolve, including Corporate Tax implementation the administrative precision remains essential.

Businesses that proactively align with FTA guidance reduce audit risk and improve operational resilience.

How German Fintax Consultancy Supports UAE Businesses

German Fintax Consultancy provides comprehensive VAT advisory and compliance services, including:

VAT Compliance Review

Audit your tax invoices, POS systems, and recordkeeping processes.

TRS Integration Advisory

Assist retailers in registering and integrating with the Tourist Refund Scheme.

VAT Risk Assessment

Identify exposure under FTA Decisions and implement corrective measures.

VAT Penalty Advisory & FTA Representation

Support during FTA audits, clarification requests, and dispute resolution.

Conclusion

The FTA Decisions of 2018 played a crucial role in shaping the UAE’s VAT compliance framework.

For UAE retailers, hospitality operators, vending businesses, and all VAT-registered entities, strict adherence to invoice rules and TRS procedures is essential.

German Fintax Consultancy remains committed to helping UAE businesses maintain full VAT compliance while minimising risk and ensuring operational efficiency.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1: Are FTA Decisions legally binding?

Yes. FTA Decisions are enforceable administrative instruments under UAE tax law.

Q2: Can retailers join the Tourist Refund Scheme automatically?

No. Retailers must meet eligibility requirements and register with the authorised operator.

Q3: Are vending machines exempt from VAT?

No. VAT still applies as only the invoice issuance requirement is simplified.

Q4: Can incorrect invoices lead to penalties?

Yes. Non-compliant tax invoices may result in administrative penalties and input VAT disallowance.

Q5: Can a tourist claim a refund from a non-TRS retailer?
No. Refunds are only available for purchases made from TRS-registered retailers.